k|f0fLzf:q, k|f0fLzf:qL / g]kfndf
logsf] cj:yf
8f= tLy{/fh l3ld/]
Gff:6
-s_ ljifo k|j]z
k|f0fLzf:q
hLjlj1fgsf] Pp6f 7"nf] zfvf xf], h; cGtu{t k|f0fLx?sf] cWoog ul/G5 .
7"nf] dg lnP/ eGg] xf] eg] k|f0fL eGgfn] cfFvfn] b]Vg g;lsg] ;"Id
k|f6f]hf]cf b]lv lnP/ xf8 gePsf / xf8 ePsf hGt'–hgfj/ / dflg; ;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 .
k|f0fLzf:qLx?n] ug{] hgfj/x?sf] cWoogsf] If]q Psbd} km/flsnf] x'G5, h'g c?
j}1flgsx?n] sd} ub{5g\ . Toltdfq geO{ x]lNdGy, k|f6f]hf]cf, sL/fx? tyf cGo
sf/0fx?n] dfG5] tyf c? hgfj/x?df nfUg] jf ;g{] /f]ux? h:t} dn]l/of, sfnfhf/,
emf8fkvfnf, /QmcNktf, 8]Ë', OG;]kmnfOl6;, j]j]l;of]l;;, lynl/of]l;;, df6]/f]u,
xfQLkfOn], 5xf/]/f]u, cflbsf] jf/]df k|f0fLzf:qLx? cWoog ub{5g\ . t;y{ pgLx?
hgfj/ / dfG5]sf] jf/]df dfq xf]Og, ltgLx?sf] :jf:Yo / ;'/Iffsf] nflu ljleGg
pkfox?sf] jf/]df klg cWoog ub{5g\ .
k|f0fLzf:qsf]
If]q ljzfn 5 . k|f0fLzf:qLx? cfkm"nfO{ of] lj1fgsf] h'g;'s} xfFuf jf
af6f]df cfˆgf] eljio 8f]xf]¥ofpg ;Sb5g\ . pgLx? lrqdf b]vfPh:t} ;j} pkIf]qsf]
cfwf/e"t tyf pRr cWoog ub{5g\ . pgLx?n] k/hLljx?sf] pkzfvfsf] uxg cWoog
ul/ ltgLx? lj?4 aRg EoflS;g tyf cf}ifwLx? agfpg] u/L cg';Gwfg ub{5g\ . pgLx? s]
s;/L nf]kf]Gd'v hgfj/x? –h:t} Psl;Ë] u}+8f, /]8kf08f_, sL/fx? -e+j/f, df}/L_,
df5fx? -dfxflz/ cflb_ nfO{ nf]k x'gaf6 s;/L hf]ufpg ;lsG5, ltgLx?sf] Conservation
Management ug{]
t/Lsfx?sf] jf/]df cWoog ub{5g\ . ;fy} k|f0fLzf:qLx? dfG5] jf hgfj/x?sf] zf/Ll/s
agf]6 b]lv lnP/ pgLx?df kfOg] sf]if, tGt', cË, k|0ffnLsf] dfq xf]Og
ltgLx?sf]leq kfOg] ;'IdhLjx?sf] s'g} g s'g} Pp6f zfvfdf jf pkzfvfdf jf ljifodf
pRr lzIff xfl;n ug{ ;Sb5g\ / Tolx jf/]df
cg';Gwfg ub{] kf]Vt x'g ;Sb5g\ .
-v_ k|f0fL tyf k|f0fLzf:qsf] Oltxf;
k|f0fLx?sf]
Oltxf;sf] kIf x]bf{ ;a} s[lt tyf n]vsx?df ;dfg ljrf/ n]lvPsf 5}gg\ . ldlt pNn]v
gu/LPtfklg ;+:s[tsf] ;a} eGbf k'/fgf] k':ts -@))) BC_ /fdfo0fnfO{ dflgG5 . o; k':tsdf
dfG5] tyf hgfj/df nfUg] /f]ux?sf] pkrf/ tyf ck|]zg k|ljlwx? pNn]v ul/Psf 5g\ .
s'i6/f]u, Ifo/f]u, dfgl;s/f]usf] af/]df 1fg lbOPsf] 5 . To:t} dxfef/t -!$)) BC_ df ufO{, ;k{, e]+8f, afv|f,
s's'/, xfQL, 3f]8f / ltgLx?sf] pkof]lutfsf] jf/]df rrf{ 5 . of] cjlwdf ufO{sf]
b"w, £o', gf}gL, df]xL / bxL pTkfbg ul/GYof] / lbkfjnLsf] j]nfdf ufO{
k'Hg] rng s[i0f eujfgn] g} rnfPsf] dflgG5 . kl5 df}o{j+z -#@@–@#@ BC_ sf] ;dodf xfQL dfg{]nfO{ d[To'b08
lbOGYof] . o;af6 hgfj/x?sf] dxTj yfx kfpg ;lsG5 .
Figure: Different Branches of
Zoological sciences.
cfo{
;d"bfosf] k'/fgf] wfld{s k':ts l/uj]bdf hgfj/x?nfO{ ;Dklt dflgGYof] .
lbgsf] # rf]6L ufO{ b'x'g], hËn kmfF8]/ ufO{ r/fpg], uf]?nfO{ ;Gtfg pTkfbg ug{]
Ifdtf lg:qmLo agfpg] -Castrate_, uf]?nfO{ v]tdf sfd ug{ k|of]u ug{], 3/df s's'/ kfNg],
ufO{nfO{ efUo, v'zL, :j:y / cfdf dfGg], ufO{sf] j+z /x];Dd dfgjtf /xG5 eGg]
cf:yf /fVg] / hgfj/x?nfO{ hf}, pv' / cfn;sf] t]n v'jfpg] sfd cfo{gn] ub{y] .
To;}n] klg To; j]nfsf wfld{s Clifx? jf u'?x? g} klxnf] k|f0fLzf:qL lyP eGg'df
cTo'lQm gxf]nf .
o;}u/L
lxGb' wd{leq vf]Hg] xf] eg] ljleGg b]jLb]jtfx?n] hgfj/x?nfO{ cfˆgf] ;xof]uLsf]
?kdf lnGy] eGg] s'/f e]l6G5 . b]jLb]jtfx? cfˆgf] OR5fcg';f/ hgfj/x?df kl/jt{g
eO/xGy] . pgLx? hgfj/nfO{ o'4df k|of]u ub{y] . sL/fx? pTkfbg u/]/ ;tLb]jLsf]
nfz s'xfPsf] eGg] s'/f :j:yfgLdf cem k9\g kfOG5 .
lj1fgn]
k|f0fLzf:qsf] Oltxf; lgcf]lnlys kl/jt{g ;fy;fy} z'? ePsf] dfGb5 . of] o'u cfh
eGbf !),))) jif{ cufl8sf] xf] . of] j]nfdf 3/kfn'jf hgfj/x? kflnGYof] .
OlhlK;ogx?n] hgfj/ / lj?jfx?nfO{ Pp6} ;+;f/ dfGby] . logLx? df}/Lkfng ug{],
df5fkfng ug{], r/fx?sf] k|hgg u/fOlbg], s's'/, la/fnf] / afFb/x?nfO{ 3/df kfNg]
/ sltko k|f0fLnfO{ jln ;d]t lbg] ub{y] .
kl5
lxGb' cfo{'j]bsf n]vsn] xfd|f] z/L/ kGrtTj / ;ft k|sf/sf tGt'x?af6 ag]sf] x'G5
eg]/ jofg u/] . cfo'{j]bdf dfG5] jf hgfj/x?nfO{ gsfl6sg ck|]zg ug{] k|ljlw pNn]v ub{} hgfj/af6 k|fKt
%& j6f cf}iflwx?sf] jf/]df 1fg n]lvof] . wGjGt/Lsf lzio ;':?tf -^)) BC_ n] w]/} gofF k|ljlw k|of]u ul/
pgn] lrlsT;f If]qdf qmflGt g} NofPsf lyP . ;':?tf ;+lxtf, rf/s ;+lxtf, xl/tf
;+lxtf / dT:ok'/f0fdf w]/} k/hLjL tyf ;'Id hLjx?af6 nfUg] /f]ux?sf] jf/]df 1fg lbOPsf] 5 .
kl5
s/Lj @))) BC df rLgdf l;Nsjd{sf]
v]tL z'? eof] . clg !!)) BC df rLgdf g} k|f0fLzf:qx?sf] ju}rf (Zoological Garden) agfOof,] h;df ;+;f/e/Laf6 df5f,
d[u, afv|f / r/fx? NofP/ /flvof] . %^# BC df l;4fy{ uf}tdn] hgfj/x?sf] /f]usf]
pkrf/ / ;+/If0fsf] nflu t/Lsfx? atfP . #*$ BC P/L:6f]6nn] Historia
Animalium eGg] k':ts n]v]/ k|f0fLzf:qsf] Oltxf; /r] . pgn] %$)
k|hfltsf hgfj/x?sf] jlu{s/0f u/] / slDtdf %) j6fnfO{ lr/kmf/ u/] . Tokl5 klg
ljleGg j}1flgsx?n] cf–cfˆgf] t/Lsfn] cWoog cg';Gwfg ub{} k|f0fLzf:qnfO{ cuf8L
a9fP. kl5 ;g\ !*%( df rfN;{ 8flj{gn] cfˆg} l;4fGt k|ltkfbg u/]kl5 k|f0fLx?sf]
pTkltsf] O{ltxf; vf]Hg w]/} j}1flgsx?n] k|f0fLzf:qdf of]ubfg lbP . clxn] cfP/
k|f0fLx?sf] uxg cWoog ub{} pgLx?sf] jf/]df w]/} s'/f yfxf eO;s]sf] /Iffsf] nflu
k|f0fLclwsf/sdL{x? nflu k/]sf 5g\ .
Oltxf;n]
s] b]vfpF5 eg] klxnf klxnf :jcWoog, cjnf]sg / 5nkmnaf6 af6 k|f0fLzf:qLx?
k|f0fLsf] jf/]df jf]Ng], n]Vg] ub{y] . t/ lj:tf/} Tof] k|s[of s'g} ljBfno jf
;+:yfdf x'g] u¥of] . pbfx/0fsf] nflu k|f0fLzf:qsf] cWoog ;a}eGbf klxnf ;g\
!*#& df k|fs[lts Oltxf;sf/ k|f]km]z/ ls/Lofsf]; 8f]dfG8f];n] u|fLssf] Py]G;
ljZjljBfnodf :yfkgf u/]sf lyP eGg] dflgG5 . To;kl5 of] ljifo o'/f]k, cd]l/sf,
Plzof, clk|msf / ci6«]olnofsf ljZjljBfnox?df k9fpg] ul/Psf] xf] . xfn ljZjdf
nf]slk|o 6]lnlehg Rofgn, Do'lhod, au}rf (Garden_, kfs,{ /]l8of],
kqklqsf, lrl8ofvfgf, lgs'~h cflb hgfj/x?sf] /Iff tyf arfj6 ug{sf]nflu ;+rfngdf
NofOPsf 5g\ . logLx?n] ljZjsf] cy{tGqdf lgSs} 7"nf] e"ldsf v]n]sf 5g\
.
-u_ g]kfndf k|f0fLzf:q
k|f=8f=
k"0f{gfy ld>sf cg';f/ g]kfnL k|f0fL hutdf ;aeGbf klxn] vf]hL ug{] j|fog
x8\;g -!*@^–!*%*_ / Pkm=8An'=xf]k -!*#!_
sf] cWoog / k|sfzgn] g]kfnsf] k|f0fLzf:q cWoognfO{ lgSs} ;xof]u / k|]/0ff
lbPsf] b]lvG5 . To;kl5 klg c+u|]h, k|]mGr, hd{g, hfkfgL, ef/tLo cflb ljz]if1x?n]
g]kfnsf] k|f0fLzf:qsf] cWoog / cg';Gwfg s|ddf lgSs]} cle?lr lnO{ ljleGg ;+3,
;+:yf, ljefux?sf ;fy} :jb]zL Pj+ ljb]zL cg';Gwfgstf{n] u/]sf sfo{x?af6
7"nf] of]ubfg ePsf] b]lvG5 .
g]kfndf
lqrGb| sn]h pQ/ dWodf -Post Secondary_ txsf] lj1fg lzIffsf] z'?jft
;g\ !(!( df eof] . kl5 !($& df cfO=P:;L txdf k|f0fLzf:q k|lzIf0f z'? eof] .
o;sf] yfnlg k|f= j|fDxLbQ kfG8] -Pd=P:;L=af]6gL_ af6 ePsf] xf] . jLrdf 8f=
P;=;L= dh'Dbf/ -d]l8sn clws[t_ af6 klg ;f] sfo{ eO{ ;g\ !($( cS6f]a/df k|f=
lzjz+s/ l;+x -Pd=P:;L= h'nf]hL_ sf7df08f}+ cfO{ of] sfddf nflukg{' eof] . ;g\
!(%) df lj=P:;L= txdf o; ljifosf] lzIff lbg yflnPkl5 af]6gL / h'nf]hL ljifox?df
5'§f5'§} ljefux? :yfkgf ul/P . kl5 !(%( df lq=lj=lj=sf] :yfkgf ePkl5 :gftsf]Q/
txdf k|f0fLzf:qsf] cWofkg z'?df # hgf ljBfyL{x? -/fd]Zj/ k|;fb l;+x, /fh]Gb|nfn
>]i7 / sdnf >]i7_ ;lxt lqrGb| sn]hsf] k|f0fLzf:qsf] Do'lhod sf]7fdf ;g\
!(^% gf]e]Da/ @* -d+l;/ @@, @)@@ df_ k|f=lzjz+s/ l;+xsf] g]t[Tjdf z'?jft eof] .
of] k9fpg] ;d"xdf 8f= ;LkL uf]vf{nL, 8f= cf/ pk|]tL, l6;L dh'k'l/of,
k"0f{gfy ld> nufotsf k|fWofksx? x'g'x'GYof] . o;/L :gftsf]Q/ klxnf]
jif{ Tolx+ k9fOPtfklg bf];|f] jif{sf ljBfyL{x?nfO{ !(^& df g} sLlt{k'/ l:yt
s]d]:6«L Anssf] dflyNnf] tNnfdf /fv]/ k|f0fLzf:q ljefu cGtu{t k7gkf7g eof] .
To;kl5 ljefusf] c:YffO{ ejg gf]e]Da/ !(() df aGof] eg] !((* df cfˆg} gofF ejg
kfPtfklg ;g\ @))@ df aNn o; ejgdf ljBfyL{x?n] k9g kfP, hxfF n]vs :jo+n] bf];|f]
jif{ cWoog u/]sf] lyof] .
klxnf]
Jofrdf # hgf ePklg bf];|f] Jofrdf dx]Gb| axfb'/ lu/Ln] dfq k|f0fLzf:q k9] .
t];|f] Jofrdf pdfsfGt /fo ofbj, a;Gt s'df/ yfkf, t]h s'df/ >]i7, /fd axfb'/
v8\sf, ljBf zdf{ cflb lyP . rf}yf] Jofrdf cfgGb zf]ef tfd|fsf/, kGgf zf]ef
t'nfw/, /lj ljgf]b zdf{, g/]Gb| /fh zdf{, zf/bf b]lj dxh{g, sflGt axfb'/ sfsL{
cflb lyP . kfFrf} Jofrdf ;'/]z axfb'/ sfsL{, s[i0f rGb| >]i7, hd'gf >]i7,
;'zLnf Gof}kfg] / cfgGb k|;fb k|wfg lyP .
z'?sf
Jofrx?nfO{ sL6lj1fg -Entomology_ dfq} special paper ePtfklg kl5 uP/ dT:ozf:q (Fish &
Fisheries)
ylkof] . cGTodf Ecology / Parasitology ylkPkl5 dfq k|f0fLzf:q
k9g] ljBfyL{x?sf] rfk cToflws x'g uPsf] xf] . lzIff gLltsf] k|of]uzfnf dflgPsf]
lqljljn] !(^% df jflif{s k|s[of /f]Hof], !(&# df ;]d]i6/ k|s[of /fHof],
!(*^ df km]l/ jflif{s k|0ffnL /fHof] eg] cGTodf @)!# df k'/fg} ;]d]:6/ k|s[of
/f]Hof] . k|f0fLzf:q ljefun] klg oxL cg'?k cfkm"nfO{ lzIffk|0ffnL gLltsf]
k|of]uzfnf agfpg' kg{] afWotf agfof] .
k|f0fLzf:qLx?n]
g]kfndf 7"nf] of]ubfg lbPsf 5g\ . k|f=8f= lzjz+sf/ l;+x k|f0fLzf:qsf
:yfkgfstf{ x'g\ . k|f=8f= k"0f{gfy ld> /fli6«o tyf cGt/fli6«o hg{ndf
k|f0fL tyf k/hLjLx? ;DaGwL n]vx? k|sflzt ug{ kf]Vt k|f0fLzf:qL x'g\ . k|f=8f=
hLjg >]i7 df5f ;DaGwL :t/Lo k':ts tyf n]vx? n]v]/ g]kfndf dT:ozf:qsf] Oltxf;
/Rg ;kmn Ps ;lqmo k|f1 x'g . l6;L dh'k'l/of k|f0fLzf:q tyf cGo ;DalGwt k':tsx?
n]v]/ o; ljifonfO{ ljBfyL{dfem k'¥ofpg ;kmn JolQm x'g\ . k|f= 8f= ;'/]z axfb'/
sfsL{ / k|f=8f= s'df/ ;fksf]6f k9fpg] snfdf kf]Vt 5g\ eg] k|f=8f= dbg sf]O/fnf,
k|f=8f=pdfsfGt /fo ofbj ;kmn jftfj/0fjLb x'g\ . k|f=8f=t]hs'df/ >]i7 hgfj/x?
;DaGwL :t/Lo / cGt/fi6«Lo :t/sf k':ts n]Vg;Sg] nf]slk|o cg';Gwfgstf{ x'g\, h:n]
l8=P;\=;L= ;d]t ul/;s]sf 5g\ . k|f=8f= v8\u a:g]t Osf]nf]hL, EIA / Climate Change ;DaGwL lj1 x'g\ . k|f=8f= gGb axfb'/ l;+x Ethnobiology / Genetics sf kof{ojfrL JolQm x'g\ . 8f=
dx]Gb| dxh{g, 8f= bof/fd e';fn, k|]d axfb'/ a'9f nufot ahf/sf c? ælbdfuL
k|f0fLzf:qL’’ (Brainy Zoologists) x?n] k|f0fLzf:qsf] If]qdf k|z:t of]ubfgx? lbO/x]sf 5g\ .
lbdfuL k|f0fLzf:qL eGgfn] dfWoflds, pRr dfWoflds ljBfno k9fpg], ljZjljBfnosf
DofbL lzIfs, Pglhcf], cfO{ PghLcf] tyf k|fOe]6 ;+:yfdf sfd ug{] tyf j]/fhuf/L /
g]kfndf ljb]zaf6 kms{]sf k|f0fLzf:qLx?nfO{ hgfpF5 .
-3_ k|f0fLzf:q÷k|ff0fLzf:qLx?sf ;d:ofx?
/fd|f
k|f0fLzf:qx?sf] ;b'kof]u ug{ g;Sg'÷glbg'
o"/f]k,
cd]l/sf, hfkfg, ci6«]lnof, Sofg8f, tyf cGo ljsl;t d'n'sx?af6 :gftsf]Q/ / kLPr8L
u/]/ s]xL gofF, hf]lznf / sfd ug{ ;Sg] k|f0fLzf:qLx? g]kfn kms{]sf 5g\ . /fd|f]
df}sf kfPdf pt} al;;s]sfx? klg kms{g]5g\ . t/ pgLx?k|lt g]kfnsf ;DalGwt lj1x?,
;+3, ;+:yf, ljZjljBfno, k|lti7fg cflb ;s/fTds b]lv+b}gg\ jf x'g rfxFb}gg\ . cGt/fli6«o hg{n jf k':ts
k|sflzt ul/;s]sf c+u|]hL jf]Ng] b]zdf uP/ cWoog u/]/ kms{]sfx? ;+u 8/fP/, eljiodf
cfˆgf] :t/ / Career k|lt jiff{}+ b]lv cfˆgf] c•f hdfP/
a:g]x? ;hu /xg' / pgLx?nfO{ o:tf ;+3, ;+:yfx?df l5g{ glbg' oyfy{ xf] . csf{]
s'/f ljZjljBfno jf ToxfFsf kbflwsf/Lx?sf] If]qLo, hftLo / /fhgLlts efuj08fsf]
sf/0fn] ahf/df /x]sf ælbdfuL k|f0fLzf:qLx? nfO{ c;/ k/]sf] s'/fsf] jf/]df klxn]
g} w]/} ;dfrf/x? cfO;s]sf]n] of] n]vsn] Totflt/ n]Vg] cfjZostf g7fg]sf] xf] .
lsgeg] ljZjljBfno ;]jf cfof]un] kGw|–lj;hgf ;kmn k|lt:klw{sf] kl/0ffd lgsfNbf
klg k6s–k6s uNtL eof] eGb} c;kmnnfO{ ;kmn / ;kmnnfO{ c;kmn eGb} k6s–k6s k/L0ffd
kl/jt{g ul/lbg] ePsf]n] o:tf] lsl;dsf] 3f]6fnfnfO{ lbdfuL k|f0fLzf:qLx?
æk/LIffÆ jf æk|lt:kwf{Æ dfGb}gg\ .
k|f0fLzf:qLnfO{
;/sf/L hflu/df æz"GoÆ sf]6f
xfn
g]kfn lj1fg tyf k|ljlw k|1fk|lti7fg -gf:6_ / ljZjljBfnox?df k|f0fLzf:qLx?nfO{
hflu/df /flvPsf] b]lvG5 . gf:6df ev{/} dfq} k|f0fLzf:qsf] sfdx? z'?jft ug{
nfluPsf] 5 . eljiodf oxfF k|f0fLzf:qLsf] ;+Vof a9\g ;sg] cfzf ul/Psf] 5, t/
ljZjljBfnoleqsf] ;d:ofx? klxn] g} pNn]v ul/ ;lsPsf] 5 .
s'g}
;do s[lif ljefu cGtu{t dT:ozf:qLx?n] ;/sf/L sf]6fdf cj;/ kfpFy] . t/ lj:tf/} jg
lj1fg, s[lif, jftfj/0f, / dfOqmf]jfof]nf]hL h:tf ljifodf :gftsf]Q/ / lkPr8L
ljifosf hgzlQm tof/ x'Fb} uP / lj:tf/} l;08Ls]6 k|s[of ckgfO{ k|f0fLzf:qLx?sf]
nflu 9f]sf aGb u/fOof] . To;}ul/ /fli6«o lgs'~h, jGohGt' ljefu, s]Gb|Lo
lrl8of3/, aGohGt' c:ktfn, hg:jf:y, e]S6/ sG6«f]n dxfzfvf, aftfj/0f ljefu /
k|f0fLzf:q;+u ;DalGwt cGo lgsfox?df k|f0fLzf:qx?sf nflu s'g} pRr txdf :yfO{
sf]6fx? v'Ng ;s]sf 5}gg\ .
;g\
@))@–@))# lt/ h';fgsf cWoIf czf]s ad / s]lGb|o k|f0fLzf:q ljefu sLlt{k'/sf
k|d'v k|f=8f= t]hs'df/ >]i7sf] g]t[Tjdf ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfno, nf]s ;]jf
cfof]u / ;jf{]Rr cbfntdf ;d]t :gftsf]Q/ k|f0fLzf:q -dT:ozff:q / sL6lj1fg_ sf
ljBfyL{x?n] klg nf]s ;]jf cfof]uaf6 v'n]sf] kbx?df cfj]bg xfNg lsg gkfpg] elg
sf]if{ / lzIf0f cjlwsf] jf/]df JofVof ub{} lgj]bg lbOPsf] lyof] . t/
k|f0fLzf:qsf] kf7\oqmdsf] lzIf0f cjlw gk'Ug] / k|fS6Lsn tyf lkmN8 sfo{sf] ef/
sd ePsf] eGb} k|f0fLzf:qLx?nfO{ ;/sf/L hflu/ vfgaf6 alGrt u/fOof] .
of] ;d:of ;fdfwfg ug{sf] nflu
k|f0fLzf:q ljifo ;ldlt s]lGb|o k|f0fLzf:q ljefu, k|fs[lts ;+u|fxno / ;DalGwt
;+:yf / JolQmx? s'g} 7f]6 sfd u/]sf] b]lv+b}g . jif{]lg pTkfbg x'g] ;of}+
k|f0fLzf:qLx?nfO{ nf]s;]jf cfof]u dfkm{t sf]6f l;h{gf ug{kl§ pgLx?n] s'g} Wofg,
;f]r, of]hgf / sfo{qmd u/]sf] b]lv+b}g .
k|f0fLzf:qLx?sf]
cfˆg} sdhf]/L
s]xL
jif{ cl3 k|f0fLzf:qL tyf afFb/lj1 elgPsfx?n] ægofF cf}ifwLx? Ps}rf]6L dfG5]df
k|of]u ug{ gldNg] / dfG5]sf] /f]usf] pkrf/sf] jf/]df cWoog / cg';Gwfg ug{ afFb/
g} rflxG5Æ eGg] dfGotf /fVb} g]kfndf afFb/sf] ;GttL pTkfbg ug{] s]Gb| :yfkgf
u/]/ cd]l/sfsf] cg';Gwfg ;+:yfdf afFb/x? n}hfg rfxGy] . t/ kl5 hgfj/
clwsf/sdL{x?n] d'4f g} bfo/ u/]kl5 afFb/ k7fpg nfluPsf] k|s[of t'?Gt} /f]lsPsf]
lyof] . o; 36gfsf] ;fy} sltko k|f0fLzf:qLx? g]kfnaf6 hgfj/x?sf] gd"gf
ljb]z n}hfg kfpg'k5{ eg]/ eg]tfklg ;bg, cbfnt, / hfg]a'em]sf k|f0fLzf:qLx?
o;sf] lj/f]wdf 5g\ . oL sf/0fx?n] ubf{ klg k|f0fLzf:qLx?df Pstf gePsf] xf] .
k|f0fLzf:qLx?sf]
Pstfdf sdL
g]kfnsf
k|f0fLzf:qLx? dfWolds :t/sf] ljBfno b]lv :gftsf]Q/ :t/sf] ;Dd / ljleGg
u}x|;/sf/L b]lv ;/sf/L sfof{nox?df sfo{/t 5g\ . pgLx?sf] ;+u7g Nepal Zoological Society, NEZOS -g]hf];_ ePtfklg o;sf] jf/]df w]/} cglj1 5g\ . o;n]
vf;} ?kdf pNn]vgLo sfd ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g . c? ljifosf ;+u7gx?n] j]nfj]nfdf
;]ldgf/, ldl6Ë, js{zk clfb sfo{qmdx? ug{ ;s]sf] / ul//x]sf] t/ g]hf]; eg] k'/}
lgbfPsf] cj:yfdf b]lvG5 . o;sf ;fy}
ljZjljBfnodf sfd ug{] k|f0fLzf:qLx? / ltgLx? afx]s ahf/sf lbdfuL
k|f0fLzf:qLx?df Ps?ktf gePsf] xf] .
k|f0fLzf:q
cg';Gwfgsf] emGeml6nf] cg'dlt k|s[of
k|f0fLzf:q
Ethical Science leq cfj4 lj1fg xf] .
k|f0fLx?sf] cg';Gwfg ug'{ eGbf klxnf ljleGg ;/sf/L ;+3, ;+:yf, ;+u7gaf6 cg'dlt
lng'kg{] x'g;S5 . o;f] ugf{n] cg';Gwfgsf] u'0f:t/, ;Totf, dxTj / ljZj;gLotf
a9\5 . t/ klg of] k|s[of 9Lnf] eOlbg] jf :jLs[tL kq lng ;xn]vssf] gfd /flvlbg'
kg{], yl];;sf]nflu ul/g] df}lvs k|:t'tL ug'{kg{] jf cGo emGeml6nf] k|s[of
agfOPsf] eg]/ k|f0fLzf:qLx? lbSs dfGb5g\ .
cg';Gwfgsf]
u'0f:t/df x|f;
g]kfndf
a;]/ sfd ul//x]sf k|f0fLzf:qLx?sf] n]vx? cGt/fli6«o / :t/Lo hg{ndf w]/}} g} sd
5g\ . o;sf] d'Vo sf/0fx? :t/Lo k|of]uzfnfsf] sld, yf]/} tnasf] sf/0f cg';Gwfgdf
Wofg glbg' / cGoq Doflb sfd ug'{, / cGo sf/0fx?n] leq}af6 sfd÷cg';Gwfg ug{ dg
gnfUg' xf] . pd]/sf] sf/0fn] klg sltko k|f0fLzf:qLx? cg';Gwfgdf Wofg lbb}gg\ .
To;}n] klg cfˆgf] ljBfyL{n] u/]sf] sfd k|sflzt ubf{ k|fWoksx?n] æ;'k/efOh/Æsf]
gftfn] ;xn]vssf] gfd /fVg' afx]s :t/Lo cg';Gwfgdf k|f0fLzf:qLx? k5fl8 g}
b]lvG5g\ . ToxL sf/0f / cGo sf/0fx?n] ubf{ k|f0fLzf:q ;DalGwt :tl/o hg{nsf]
cefj g]kfndf b]lvG5 . :gftsf]Q/ cWoog/t k|f0fLzf:qsf ljBfyL{x?sf] kxndf ;g\
@))^ df k|f=8f= t]hs'df/ >]i7 k|d'v ePsf] j]nfdf s]lGb|o k|f0fLzf:q ljefun]
g]lKnh hg{n ckm h"nf]hL k|sflzt u/]tfklg clxn];Dd yf]/} ef]No"d dfq
lgsflnPsf] 5 .
k|f0fLzf:q
k|fWofks / ljBfyL{jLrdf xn'sf] ;DaGw
;g\
@)!^ df gf:6n] cfof]hgf u/]sf] /fli6«o j}1flgs ;Dd]ngdf n]vs;+u k|f=8f= gGb
axfb'/ l;+x e]6 x'Fbf M.Sc. df n]vsnfO{ hDdf Pp6f
sIff -n]Sr/_ df dfq k9fPsf l;+xn] æp d}n] k9fPsf] ljBfyL{ xf]Æ eg]/ n]vs / c?
j}1flgssf] jLrdf kl/ro u/fPsf lyP . Psk6s n]vssf] e]6 :gftsf]Q/ txdf ! jif{
k'/} k9fpg] k|Wofks;+u eof] / pxfFn] ætkfO{ t d]/f] ljBfyL{ g} xf]Oglg .Æ eg]/
eGbf n]vs bË kg{' :jefljs lyof] . pQm k|fWofkssf] ljrf/df cfkm'n] y]l;;
;'kl/j]If0f ul/g] ljBfyL{ dfq} cfˆgf] ljBfyL{ x'g] /x]5 .
k|f0fLzf:qLx?
eGb5g\ æk|fWofksn] cfkm"n] cfkm"nfO{ dfq agfP, t/ cfˆgf ljBfyL{ agfpg
;s]gg\ .Æ o;sf] d'Vo sf/0f k|fWofksx?n] ljBfyL{x?nfO{ cg';Gwfgsf] sfd nufpg],
ef]n'G6/ u/fpg], hft, If]q / /fhgLltsf] cfwf/df Jojxf/ ug{], dg k/]sf / cfˆgf]
rs8L ug{]nfO{ hfFrdf a9L c+s ylklbg], cfkm"n] l/km/]G; n]6/ n]v]/ s'g}
k|f]h]S6 cfof] eg] cfˆgf] efudf k}zf kg{' kg,{] sfd} gu/]tfklg n]v n]Vbf hg{ndf
gfd n]lvlbg'kg{] o'jf k|f0fLzf:qLx? atfpF5g\ . / lo lqmofsnfkx?sf] lj/f]w ubf{
hfFrdf km]n eOG5 eGg] 8/n] r'krfk nfUg] / cfˆg} ljBfyL{x? ;'k/efOh/ jf
k|fWofksx?af6 6f9f x'g'kg{] afWotf /x]sf] u'gf;f] ;'lgPsf] el6G5 .
pk;+xf/
Oltxf;df
k/fk"j{sfnb]lv k|f0fLzf:q cGtu{t cWoog ul/g] 9f8 ePsf / gePsf hgfj/x?nfO{
clt g} dxTj lbO{ logLx? dfG5]sf] ;Eotf ;+u;+u} cleGg cËsf ?kdf /x]sf 5g\ / o;
lj1fgsf] cWoogsf] yfnlg Pd=P:;L= af]6gL k9]sf JolQmaf6 ePtfklg clxn] Pd=P:;L=
k|f0fLzf:q kf; u/]sf xhf/f}+ ;+Vofdf 5g\ / ;of}+n] lkPrl8 ul/;s]sf 5g\ .
pgLx?nfO{ ljZjljBfno tyf cGo ;/sf/L sfof{nox?n] j}1flgs jf ljz]if1sf ?kdf
lngsf] nflu ;]jf cfof]u dfkm{t /f]huf/Lsf] l;h{gf ug'{ h?/L 5 . o;sf nflu 7"nf] 5ftL / dxfg 1fg ePsf],
k|f0fLzf:qLx?nfO{ dfof ug{] JolQm rflxPsf] 5, h:n] :jf:Yo, s[lif, kz', jg,
;fdfGo k|zf;g / lzIff dGqfno, of]hgf cfof]u, nf]s ;]jf cfof]u, cbfnt, ;bg,
ljZjljBfno, u}x|;/sf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx?df uP/ k|f0fLzf:qsf] dxTj a'emfpg]5 / g]kfn
tyf ljb]zdf pTkflbt g]kfnL k|f0fLzf:qLx?nfO{ ;/sf/L sf]6fsf] pRr txdf /f]huf/
lbnfpg ;Sg]5 . xf]Og eg] afx| sIffkl5 g]kfndf k|f0fLzf:qsf] cWoog, cWofkg ug{',
u/fpg' / o;sf] sf/0fn] dxËf] tl/sfn] pTkflbt j]/f]huf/L / ælbdfuL
k|f0fLzf:qLx?Æsf] s'g} sfd x'g]5}g . o; k|f0fLzf:q ljifonfO{ Interdesciplinary tl/sfn] cWoog cWofkg u/fpg] eGg] s'/fdf 5nkmn x'g' h?/L 5
. g]kfnsf ljZjljBfnox?sf] :gfts / :gftsf]Q/sf] cGtu{t k|f0fLzf:qsf sf]if{x?
o"/f]k / cd]l/sfsf ljZjljBfnosf sf]if{x? hlQs} jf tL eGbf :t/Lo 5g\ . t/
oL sf]if{x? :t/Lo k|fWofksx?n] k9fPsf 5g\ of 5}gg\, k|fWofksx? cfFkm} ck8]6
ePsf 5g\ of 5}gg\ Tof] ljrf/ ug'{ h?/L 5 . k|f0fLzf:q ljefunfO{ :t/Lo agfpg s'g
ljifodf slt 1fg xfl;n u/]sf] k|fWofks rflxG5 eGg] s'/fsf] Plsg ug'{k5{ . To:t}
Jojxfl/s lzIf0f k4ltnfO{ s] s;/L /fd|f] agfpg ;lsG5 / s[lif, jg, jftfj/0f h:tf
ljifo h:t} jf lt eGbf a9L pkof]uL l;4 agfpg s;/L ;lsG5 eg]/ ldl6Ë, e]nf jf
tflnd lbg ;Sg'k5{ . o;sf nflu k|f0fLzf:q / k|f0fLzf:qLnfO{ ;+3} dfof ug{]
k|fWofksx? h:t} hLjg >]i7, k"0f{gfy ld>, l6;L dh'k'l/of, t]hs'df/
>]i7, ;'/]z axfb'/ sfsL{, a;Gts'df/ yfkf, dx]Gb| dxh{g, bof/fd e';fn, gGb
axfb'/ l;+x tyf cGo a'l4hLjLx?sf] ljrf/, ;xof]u / ;xsfo{ clgjfo{ 5 eGg'df
cTo'lQm gxf]nf .
;Gbe{;"lr
– ld>, k"0f{gffy,
g]kfndf lj1fgsf] ljsf; . ;Dkfbs–8f= tLy{ axfb'/ >]i7 . g]kfn /fhsLo
k|1f–k|lti7fg, @)#(, k]hM *^–!)$.
– jg, nIdL/d0f, g]kfndf
lj1fgsf] ljsf; . ;Dkfbs–8f= tLy{ axfb'/ >]i7 . g]kfn /fhsLo k|1f–k|lti7fg,
@)#(, k]hM !)%–!!% .
– hf]zL, b'uf{bQ, g]kfndf
lj1fgsf] ljsf; . ;Dkfbs 8f= tLy{ axfb'/ >]i7 . g]kfn /fhsLo k|1f–k|lti7fg,
@)#(, k]hM $#–^& .
–
Singh, NB. Central
Department of Zoology at a glance. In: Golden Jubilee souvenir, CDZ,TU, Nepal,
13 Mangsir 2072 (29 Nov. 2015), page: 19-30.
– l3ld/], lty{/fh .
g]kfndf j}1flgs cg';GwfgM ;d:of / ;dfwfg . k|wfg ;DkfbsM 8f= ef]h/fh kGt,
:dfl/sf @)&@, g]kfn lj1fg tyf k|ljlw k|1f–k|lti7fg, nlntk'/, k]hM
%@–%& .
%@–%& .
– kGt, ef]h/fh . lj1fg,
j}1flgs / g}ltstf . k|wfg ;DkfbsM 8f= ef]h/fh kGt, :dfl/sf @)&@, g]kfn
lj1fg tyf k|ljlw k|1f–k|lti7fg, nlntk'/ . k]hM !(– @! .
– cfrfo{ k'ik/fh . g]kfndf
k|f0fLzf:q cg';Gwfgsf r'gf}tLx? / gf:6sf] e"ldsf . k|wfg ;DkfbsM 8f=
ef]h/fh kGt :dfl/sf @)&@, g]kfn
lj1fg tyf k|ljlw k|1f–k|lti7fg, nlntk'/ . k]hM %*–^@ .
– Novacek, Michael J.
(8 November 2014). "Prehistory's Brilliant Future". The New
York Times. New York: The New York Times Company.
– Mora, Camilo;
Tittensor, Derek P.; Adl, Sina; et al. (2011). "How Many Species Are
There on Earth and in the Ocean?". PLOS Biology. San Francisco,
CA: PLOS. 9 (8): e1001127.
– https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/np/np-nbsap-v2-en.pdf (NEPAL
NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY STRATEGY AND ACTION PLAN 2014-2020). (Accessed on 10
October, 2016).
– http://www.cdztu.edu.np/docs/publication/docs/20121003152150_Thapa%20&%20Budha%202010.%20MSc%20and%20PhD%20Theses.pdf (Accessed on 10 October, 2016).
– http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-stoke-staffordshire-37320815?intlink_from_url=http://www.bbc.com/news/live/uk-england-stoke-staffordshire-37155501&link_location=live-reporting-story (Accessed on 10 October, 2016).
–
https://wellcome.ac.uk/about-us/investments (Accessed on 10 October, 2016).
No comments:
Post a Comment